Oceanic-oceanic convergence involves similar processes. Great amounts of stress are produced along these boundaries and build up over time, producing some of the world's most intense earthquakes. This process is known as subduction and deep trenches are created by this process. At an estimated depth of 100 km the crust melts and rises as magma, forming strata volcanoes on the surface directly above. Oceanic-continent convergent boundaries occur when the dense oceanic crust approaches the buoyant continent and the ocean crust sinks below the continent. For example, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the focus of rifting that seperated North and South America from Europe and Africa and formed the Atlantic ocean. Spreading centers also rift apart continents, allowing oceans to form between them. Divergent boundaries are also known as spreading centers and generate an underwater mountain chain which encircles the earth much like the seams of a baseball. Younger rocks are located at the boundary whereas the older rocks move farther and farther away. Divergent and transform plate boundaries are located within the archipelago, while a convergent boundary exists directly off the coast of Ecuador.ĭivergent Boundaries occur where two plates move apart and new crust is formed from magma generated in the mantle below. The Galapagos contains three types of plate boundaries. There are three types of motions between the tectonic plates: divergence, convergence, and lateral. Also, the figure annotates Earth's three different tectonic plate boundaries: convergent, divergent and transform. Cross-sectional view of the Earth's lithosphere and lower mantle.
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